System and method for association of patient care devices to a patient

ABSTRACT

A system and method for collecting, communicating, displaying, and/or analyzing data from multiple medical devices is disclosed. The system includes a local data collection module and a number of medical device adapters. The medical device adapters are coupled to respective medical devices via hardwired connections to receive data from the respective medical devices. The medical device adapters wirelessly transmit the data to the local data collection module. The local data collection module communicates the data received from the medical device adapters to an Electronic Medical Records (EMR) system for automatic entry of at least some of the data in the electronic medical record of a patient associated with the medical devices.

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.13/303,624, filed Nov. 23, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,756,078, which is acontinuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/256,637, filed Oct. 23,2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,082,160, which claims the benefit, under 35U.S.C. §119(e), of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/000,489,filed Oct. 26, 2007, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/106,830, filed Oct. 20, 2008, all of which are hereby expresslyincorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for collecting,communicating, displaying, and/or analyzing data from multiple patientcare devices. More particularly, the present disclosure relates tosystems and methods for handling data originating from patient supportdevices, such as hospital beds, from patient physiological monitors,such as blood pressure monitors or electrocardiographs, and from otherpatient care devices, such as IV pumps or ventilators, just to name afew.

In the healthcare field, sophisticated equipment from a variety oforiginal equipment manufacturers may be used in connection with the careof each patient. For example, most patients admitted to hospitals areassigned to a hospital bed having a variety of functions which mayinclude, but are not limited to, the ability to weigh the patient, theability to monitor the position of the patient on a support surface, theability to determine the position of various portions of the bed framesuch as whether the siderails are up or down and the position of variousmovable deck sections that support the surface, including the angle atwhich a head section of the bed is elevated. Some hospital beds ormattress systems (sometimes referred to as surfaces) placed on hospitalbeds are able to perform therapeutic functions such as continuouslateral rotation therapy, pulsation and/or vibration therapies, and/oralternating pressure therapy. Additional surface functions, such as lowair loss, maximum inflate, and rapid deflation for CPR may also beincluded. Accordingly, hospital beds and/or the associated surfacesinclude sophisticated control and monitoring systems that generate awide variety of data.

Of course, other sophisticated pieces of equipment are also used in thehealthcare field to provide patient care or to monitor the condition ofa patient. Such equipment may include, but is not limited to, forexample, life support equipment, such as, ventilators; vital signsmonitoring equipment such as electrocardiographs (EKG's),electroencephalographs (EEG's), heart rate monitors, blood pressuremonitors, blood oxygen saturation monitors; and other patient caredevices such as IV pumps, drug infusion pumps, insulin pumps, passivemotion devices, and the like. Each of these pieces of equipment alsotypically has sophisticated control and monitoring systems that generatea wide variety of data.

Some hospitals may have similar pieces of equipment from differentmanufacturers to which caregivers may come into contract during theirday to day activities. The ability of caregivers to master all of thecontrol and monitoring functions of all of the equipment from differentmanufacturers in the healthcare setting is problematic. However, thereare certain key pieces of information or data that common pieces ofequipment will each make available to caregivers. Such key pieces ofinformation are oftentimes logged into an Electronic Medical Records(EMR) system. It is not uncommon for caregivers to physically enter thekey pieces of information on a handwritten chart and then that caregiveror a different caregiver keys the handwritten data into the EMR systemat a later time. To enter the key pieces of information onto thehandwritten chart may require the caregiver to know how to navigatethrough user interface screens of a number of devices marketed by anumber of different companies. All of these manual activities bycaregivers to find the needed information, enter the data on a chart,and transfer the data at a later time to the EMR system introducepotential sources of error in the data.

Acquiring the key pieces of information automatically from the widevariety of medical equipment for data entry into the EMR system, as wellas having the ability to present the wide variety of data to caregiversmore uniformly regardless of the type of equipment from which itoriginates, may be useful in some care settings. Also, a system which isprogrammable to establish alarm conditions based on logical conditions(e.g., OR conditions and/or AND conditions) applied to data fromdifferent patient care devices may have benefit in some instances.Standards of Care are sometimes established for the care of patients anddata from different pieces of care equipment may measure aspects of theStandard of Care. The ability to have a common system that monitors thevarious aspects of the Standard of Care based on data from differentdevices and that alarm or provides alerts to caregivers when conditionsoutside the Standard of Care are detected may also be useful in somecare settings.

SUMMARY

The present invention may comprise a system or method having one or moreof the features recited in the appended claims and/or one or more of thefollowing features which, alone or in any combination, may comprisepatentable subject matter:

A system for collecting, communicating, analyzing, and/or displayingdata from a plurality of patient care devices of different types may beprovided. The system may have a local data collection module comprisinga first controller, a receiver coupled to the first controller andoperable to receive local wireless signals from a variety of patientcare devices, and a transceiver coupled to the first controller andoperable to communicate wirelessly with a wireless access point of anEthernet of a healthcare facility. The local data collection module mayalso have an Ethernet connector coupled to the first controller andconfigured for hardwired connection to the Ethernet of the healthcarefacility.

The receiver may be operable according to a first wireless communicationprotocol, such as the 802.15.4 protocol (also known as the Zigbeeprotocol) or an ultrawide band protocol, and the transceiver may beoperable according to a second wireless communication protocol, such as,for example, an 802.11 protocol.

The system may also have a plurality of data communication modules whichare also referred to herein as medical device adapters (MDA's). Each MDAmay have a second controller and a device connector coupled to thesecond controller and coupleable to a respective patient care device ofthe plurality of patient care devices to receive data therefrom. EachMDA may have a transmitter coupled to the respective second controllerand operable to transmit local wireless signals to the receiver of thelocal data collection module according to the first wirelesscommunication protocol. The controller of each of the plurality of MDA'smay be programmed to convert the data received from the plurality ofpatient care devices according to unique device data protocols of therespective patient care devices into data according to a common dataprotocol and then to signal the associated transmitter to transmit thedata so converted to the local data collection module as part of thelocal wireless signals. In other embodiments, the MDA may simplytransmit the data in the data format it is received from the respectivecare devices. Data conversion then may take place at the local datacollection module or even further remotely, such as at a server or othercomputer device coupled to the hospital Ethernet.

The local data collection module may be coupled to a hospital bed or mayeven be included as part of the circuitry of the hospital bed. The localdata collection module may be coupled to some other device, such as aheadwall, arm, column, or other piece of architectural equipment, or bepart of a stand alone computer, or even coupled to or integrated withanother patient care device. The local data collection module may becoupled to a computer on wheels (COW), such as a mobile cart that cariesthe local data collection module as well as additional optional computerdevices, in some embodiments. Data from the hospital bed also may becommunicated to the first controller of the local communication moduleand transmitted by the transceiver to the wireless access point of theEthernet of the healthcare facility. Data from the hospital bed mayinclude, but is not limited to, the following: data regarding a functionor feature of the hospital bed, data regarding an identification of thehospital bed, data regarding a model number of the hospital bed, dataregarding a software revision version of the hospital bed, dataregarding a position of a siderail of the hospital bed, data regardingthe status of a caster braking system of the hospital bed, dataregarding a status of a therapy surface of the hospital bed, dataregarding a weighing system of the hospital bed, data regarding apatient position monitoring system of the hospital bed, data regarding abed exit monitoring system of the hospital bed, and data regarding theangle of elevation of the head section of the hospital bed.

At least one of the MDA's may be configured to also wirelesslycommunicate with another one of the MDA's to create a local wirelessmesh network. The local data collection module may comprise at least oneexpansion port coupled to the controller and configured to permit atleast one additional device to be coupled to the local data collectionmodule via a hardwired connection. The expansion port may comprise, forexample, multiple RJ-45 connectors or ports. The controller of the localdata collection module may run JAVA applications.

The MDA's may each have a locating device coupled thereto or included aspart of the circuitry thereof. The locating devices may comprise an RFreceiver and/or an RF transmitter and/or an ultrasonic emitter and/orultrasonic receiver and/or an IR receiver and/or an IR transmitter. Eachof the MDA's may include an Ethernet connector coupled to the respectivesecond controller and configured for hardwired connection to theEthernet of the healthcare facility or to a port associated with thelocal data collection module.

The local wireless signals transmitted by the transmitters of the MDA'smay comprise packets including a destination address. The destinationaddress may correspond to an address of the local data collectionmodule, for example, or correspond to an address of another one of theMDA's or another computer device of the Ethernet of the healthcarefacility, such as a computer device associated with an EMR system.

The types of patient care devices to which the MDA's may be coupledinclude, but are not limited to, the following types of devices: a vitalsigns monitor (e.g., an EKG, an EEG, a respiration rate monitor, or ablood pressure monitor), a physiologic monitor (e.g., a blood oxygensaturation monitor, or a temperature sensor), a ventilator, an IV pump,a drug infusion pump. Different MDA's may be coupled to different typesof devices.

The system may also have a display communicatively coupled to the localdata collection module and operable to display information indicative ofthe data received by the local data collection modules from some or allof the data communication modules. The display may be coupled to ahospital bed or may be included as part of a tablet or may be includedas part of a remote computer or may be included as part of a localcomputer or may be included as part of a hand-held wireless device suchas a personal data assistant (PDA). In some embodiments, the display isintegrated with the circuitry of the local data collection module andcarried by a common housing that is mounted to a room wall, or aheadwall, for example. In some embodiments, the display may show thetypes of equipment with which the local data collection module is incommunication to receive data without showing the data being received.In such embodiments, the local data collection module may simply sendthe data to another computer device, such an EMR computer, via thehospital Ethernet for automatic logging in the patient's record. The EMRcomputer may be configured to prompt a user to accept the data prior tologging the data in the patient's record.

The system may further have a third controller that may be operable toanalyze the data received by the local data collection module from theMDA's. In analyzing the data, the third controller may determine theexistence of an alarm condition based on data from at least twodifferent MDA's. If desired, the controller of the local data collectionmodule may be programmed with similar data analysis capability in lieuof, or in addition to, the third controller having this functionality.The third controller or the controller of the local data collectionmodule may be configured to permit an end user to program the alarmcondition based on object oriented programming techniques. Using suchobject oriented programming techniques, for example, a caregiver may beable to select data thresholds from different types of patient caredevices and link them logically (i.e., via greater than, less than,and/or equal to conditions in combination with AND conditions and/or ORconditions) to generate an alarm. To give one general example, the alarmcondition may programmed by a caregiver as follows: if a first measuredcondition (e.g., heart rate) measured by a first patient care device isgreater than a first threshold and if a second measured condition (e.g.,temperature) measured by a second patient care device is greater than asecond threshold, then transmit an alarm message to a designatedcaregiver.

The third controller or the controller of the local data collectionmodule may be configured to permit an end user to selectively choosedata from the plurality of data communication modules for display on atleast one dashboard shown on the display. The end users, for example,may be able to create dashboards by selecting a field on a display, suchas a touch screen, to indicate which data is to be included in thedashboard or in multiple dashboards. The data field may be located on avirtual rendering of the associated patient care device which appears onthe display. The local data collection module may be coupled to ahospital bed and the display may be operable, for example, to displayhospital bed data simultaneously with displaying the informationindicative of the data received by the local data collection modulesfrom at least some of the MDA's.

Some or all of the MDA's may be operable to perform data filtering sothat subsequent packets of information received from the associatedpatient care device that are identical to previously received packetsare not transmitted to the local data collection module. Such anarrangement reduces unnecessary band width usage by transmittinginformation that has already been transmitted to the local datacollection module. If communication is lost between one of the MDA's andthe local data collection module, the MDA may be configured to bufferthe data received from the respective patient care device fortransmission to the local data collection module at a later time whencommunication is restored.

According to this disclosure, an MDA may be used with a patient caredevice which has device data pertaining to operation of the device andthat has patient data relating to a patient. The patient data may be,for example, patient physiologic data or vital sign data or the like.The patient care device may have a port through which the device dataand patient data is obtainable. The MDA may comprise a controller and aconnector coupled to the controller and coupleable to the port of thepatient care device to establish a wired connection between the patientcare device and the data communication module. A cable havingappropriate connectors at its end may be provided to couple to an outputport of the patient care device and to an input port of the MDA. The MDAmay further have a transmitter coupled to the controller and operable totransmit wireless signals which comprise information regarding thedevice data and the patient data.

A location device that sends or receives at least one signal which isused to determine a location of the MDA, and therefore, the location ofthe patient care device in a healthcare facility may be coupled to, orincluded in, the data communication module as alluded to above. Thelocation device may have circuitry that is coupled to the controller.The location device may comprise a location tag coupled to a housing ofthe data communication module. The location device may comprise anultrasound emitter, an ultrasound receiver, or an ultrasoundtransceiver.

The data communication module may also have a module port that permits ahardwired connection to be made to the data communication module. Themodule port may be a different type of port from the port of the patientcare device. For example, the port of the patient care device maycomprise an RS-232 port or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port and themodule port may comprise an RJ-45 port. The transmitter of the datacommunication module may transmit the wireless signals according to the802.15.4 protocol or according to an ultrawide band protocol. Thecontroller of the data communication module may be configured to performdata filtering so that subsequent device data or patient data receivedfrom the patient care device in packets that are identical to previouslyreceived packets are not transmitted by the transceiver.

The transmitter of the data communication module may be included as partof a transceiver that is coupled to the controller. The datacommunication module may further have a receiver coupled to thecontroller and operable to receive wireless signals. The location deviceof the data communication module may comprise an ultrasonic receiver.The controller may be programmed so that in response to the receiverreceiving an RF location signal from a beacon module contemplatedherein, a timer is started, and in response to the ultrasonic receiverreceiving an ultrasonic signal from the beacon module the timer isstopped. Accordingly, the controller of the MDA may be able to determinea time difference between receipt of the RF signal and receipt of theultrasonic signal. In some embodiments, the MDA may be configured tocalculate its distance from the beacon based on the time difference. Thecontroller of the MDA may be programmed to transmit the time differenceand/or the distance to another device, such as the local data collectionmodule, for example. If the time difference is transmitted by the MDA,the other device may calculate the distance between the MDA and beaconmodule. The RF location signal and/or the ultrasonic location signal maycomprise the at least one signal which is used to determine a locationof the data communication module. Based on the time difference data ordistance data the other device, such as the local data collectionmodule, may be programmed to automatically associate the data receivedfrom various MDA's with a particular hospital bed or patient. In someembodiments, a caregiver may be prompted to confirm the association onthe display.

According to this disclosure, a bed listener module (BLM) may beprovided for coupling to a hospital bed. The BLM may have circuitry thatreceives an RF signal and an ultrasound signal from the beacon module,which may be mounted to a room wall or head wall, for example. The BLMmay be coupled via a hard wired connection to the local datacommunication module which is located on the bed or may be coupled toother circuitry located on the bed. If the local data collection moduleor association computer is not mounted to the bed, such as if the localdata collection module is mounted to a room wall or headwall or on aCOW, the BLM may have a transmitter to transmit the time differencebetween receipt of the RF signal and the ultrasound signal to the localdata collection module or the association computer. Thus, the BLM mayhave circuitry substantially similar or even identical to that of anMDA. If the bed data is transmitted via a hardwired connection or viawireless circuitry included as part of the bed to a nurse call system orother computer device of the hospital Ethernet, then the BLM circuitrymay still be similar to the MDA circuitry, but may omit the circuitry totransmit according to the 802.15.4 protocol.

Further according to this disclosure, a method of associating aplurality of devices in a room with either a first patient in the roomor a second patient in the room is provided. The method may compriseproviding time of flight or time of arrival data to an associationcomputer. The association computer may be operable to determine adistance to each device of the plurality of devices from a firstreference point associated with the first patient and from a secondreference point associated with the second patient based on the time offlight or time of arrival data. The first and second reference pointsmay correspond to locations of first and second beacon modules,respectively. The method may also comprise associating, in theassociation computer, any devices within a first predetermined distancefrom the first reference point with the first patient and associatingany devices within a second predetermined distance from the secondreference point with the second patient. The first and secondpredetermined distances may be substantially equivalent distances or maybe different distances.

As among two like devices in the room, the method may compriseassociating the like device that is closest to the first reference pointwith the first patient and associating a second of the like devices thatis closest to the second reference point with the second patient. Withregard to ambiguities regarding which patient care device is associatedwith which patient, the method may also include obtaining data via anEthernet of a healthcare facility from a remote computer and resolvingthe ambiguities based on the data obtained from the remote computer. Theremote computer may be part of an electronic medical records (EMR)system and/or an admission, discharge, and transfer (ADT) system, forexample. The method may comprise prompting the user on the display toresolve any ambiguities regarding which patient care devices are to beassociated with which of the two or more patient's in the room.

The time of flight or time of arrival data may be determined as a timedifference between receipt of an RF signal and receipt of an ultrasoundsignal by the MDA's coupled to the patient care devices. It is alsocontemplated by this disclosure that the locations of the various MDA's,and therefore, the associated patient care devices, with regard to oneor more reference points, may be determined using multiple ultrawidesignals that are transmitted from different locations in a room and thenusing triangulation techniques. The reference points may correspond to apatient location, a hospital bed location, a local data collectionmodule location, or a master beacon location. Beacon modules accordingto this disclosure, therefore, may be configured to transmit ultrawideband signals without transmitting any other signals such as ultrasoundor IR signals.

Also according to this disclosure, a method of associating a pluralityof devices in a room with either a first patient in the room or a secondpatient in the room may comprise transmitting wireless location datafrom each of the plurality of devices to an association computer. Theassociation computer, in turn, may be operable to determine that atleast some of the plurality of devices is associated with the firstpatient and that others of the plurality of devices are associated withthe second patient based upon an association rules program that isexecuted by the association computer. Any ambiguities as to whether atleast one device of the plurality of devices is associated with thefirst patient or the second patient may be resolved by prompting a useron a display to provide information to resolve the ambiguity andreceiving the requested information from the user to resolve theambiguities. The display may comprise part of the association computer.The display may be coupled to a hospital bed and the associationcomputer may be remote from the hospital bed. In other instances, thedisplay may be coupled to a room wall or a headwall coupled to the roomwall. The devices may comprise patient care devices having MDA's coupledthereto. The devices may comprise a hospital bed having a BLM.

Transmitting wireless location data from each of the plurality ofdevices may comprise transmitting wireless location data from locationtags coupled to each of the plurality of devices. Furthermore,transmitting wireless location data from each of the plurality ofdevices may comprise transmitting wireless location data from MDA'sattached to each of the plurality of devices. Transmitting wirelesslocation data from each of the plurality of devices to an associationcomputer may comprise transmitting wireless location data from each ofthe plurality of devices to an association computer via an Ethernet of ahealthcare facility.

According to this disclosure, a computer on wheels (COW) is operable asa local data collection module and is wheeled from room-to-room tocollect data from MDA's that are coupled to patient care devices in theroom. In such an embodiment, a display of the COW may prompt a caregiverto select which devices in wireless communication with the COW within aparticular room are to be associated with a particular patient for whichdata is to be logged automatically. After the COW receives the data fromthe MDA's of the patient care devices associated with a particularpatient, the COW may then transmit the data wirelessly to an EMRcomputer via the hospital Ethernet. Additionally or alternatively, theCOW may simply store the acquired data for the particular patient fortransmission to the EMR computer at a later time. By using the COW, acaregiver can go from room-to-room and acquire data for automaticlogging into the medical records of the various patients in these rooms.The data acquisition is done automatically by the COW thereby reducingor eliminating the amount of manual data acquisition that needs to bedone by the caregiver. In some instances, the caregiver may be requiredto perform some amount of data entry using a keyboard associated withthe COW, for example. However, the more electronic data than can beacquired automatically by the COW from the patient care devices via theMDA's, the less chance there is for human error.

Methods of making and methods of using the local data collection module,the MDA, the beacon module, the BLM, the COW, and systems having thesedevices are also contemplated and are intended to be within the scope ofthis disclosure.

Additional features, which alone or in combination with any otherfeature(s), including those listed above and those listed in the claims,may comprise patentable subject matter and will become apparent to thoseskilled in the art upon consideration of the following detaileddescription of illustrative embodiments exemplifying the best mode ofcarrying out the invention as presently perceived.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The detailed description particularly refers to the accompanyingfigures, in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a local data collection module coupledto a hospital bed and receiving wireless signals from medical deviceadapters (MDA's) that are attached to a number of patient care devices,the hospital bed having a display for displaying at least some of thedata received by the local data collection module from the hospital bedand from the other patient care devices, and the local data collectionmodule being coupleable to the hospital Ethernet either via a hardwiredconnection (indicated by phantom two-way arrow) and/or via a wirelessconnection to an wireless access point (WAP) of the Hospital Ethernet,and the Hospital Ethernet including or being coupled to anadmission/discharge/transfer (ADT) system, the Internet, an electronicmedical records (EMR) system, a Locating and Tracking system, a Workflowsystem, a Nurse Call system, and a Communications system;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the MDA having a controller, awireless communication circuit coupled to the controller, a hardwiredconnection port coupled to the controller, a device connection portcoupled to the controller, and a locating device coupled to thecontroller (in phantom);

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing two hospital beds in a hospital roomand showing a number of patient care devices, some of which are used forcare of a patient associated with one of the hospital bed and others ofwhich are used for care of a patient associated with the other hospitalbed;

FIG. 4 is a screen shot of a home screen on which a rendering of ahospital bed, a blood pressure monitor, and a ventilator are displayed;

FIG. 5 is a screen shot of a bed screen that is displayed in response toselection of the bed rendering on the home screen, the bed screenproviding a variety of information regarding the angular, height andlength positions of various portions of the bed as well as the weightsensed by a weigh scale system of the bed of a patient supported on thebed;

FIG. 6 is a screen shot of a blood pressure monitor screen that isdisplayed in response to selection of the blood pressure monitorrendering on the home screen, the blood pressure monitor screen showingblood pressure information on the rendering in the same location that itappears on the actual physical device, an enlarged table of informationon the lower right hand portion of the screen, and a graph of bloodpressure on the upper right hand portion of the screen;

FIG. 7 is a screen shot of a ventilator screen that is displayed inresponse to selection of the ventilator rendering on the home screen,the ventilator screen showing a rendering of the ventilator on the righthand portion of the ventilator screen and an enlarged window to the leftof the ventilator rendering, the enlarged window being displaying keypieces of information from the ventilator;

FIG. 8 is a partial isometric view of a head end of a hospital bedshowing an expansion port mounted to a frame of the hospital bed betweenpush handles of the bed, the expansion port including a bank of ports towhich patient care equipment is coupleable via a wired connection totransfer data to the local data collection module without the need forwireless transmission of the data;

FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic view, similar to FIG. 1, of an alternativeembodiment of a system according to this disclosure, showing the systemincluding a local data collection module (referred to in FIG. 9 as a“wall hub”) mounted to a headwall of the room and receiving data fromMDA's coupled to associated medical devices which, in turn, are coupledto a patient support on a bed, the system also having a beacon module incommunication with the MDA's to determine location information about theMDA's in the room, and the local data collection module being coupled toan EMR system and to a hub supervisor which is, in turn, coupled to anADT system;

FIG. 10 is a screen shot of a display that is integrated with or coupledto the wall hub of FIG. 9 showing the room number in which the wall huband display are located in the upper left portion of the screen, anindication of “No Patient” in the upper right portion of the screen toindicate that no patient has been assigned to the room, and a fieldbeneath a “Device” header that is empty to indicate that the system ofFIG. 9 is in a state in which no wireless communication between the wallhub and any patient care devices is taking place;

FIG. 11 is a screen shot, similar to FIG. 10, showing the name of anassociated patient in the upper right portion of the screen and showingbeneath the “Device” header the names of two devices which are incommunication with the wall hub;

FIG. 12 is a screen shot, similar to FIG. 11, showing that a status boxnext to one of the device names beneath the “Device” header has beencolor coded, wherein a color code of green means that the wall hub iscurrently receiving data from the associated device and a color code ofyellow indicates that some sort of communication fault is occurring;

FIG. 13 is a screen shot, similar to FIGS. 10-12, showing a pop upwindow that has appeared on the screen with the message “Connection tohub was lost” to indicate that the wall hub is no longer able tocommunicate with one of the pieces of equipment in the room;

FIG. 14 is a screen shot, similar to FIG. 13, showing a pop up windowthat has appeared on the screen with the message “Connection to RoomData Server was lost” to indicate that the wall hub is no longer able tocommunicate with the associated remote server;

FIG. 15 is a screen shot, similar to FIG. 11, showing a pop up windowthat has appeared on the screen after a user has selected a“Disassociate All Devices” icon appearing at the bottom of the screen,the pop up window having an “Ok” button that is selectable by acaregiver to confirm that the wall hub should be disassociated from allof the devices in the room and a “No” button if the disassociationbetween the wall hub and all of the patient care devices in the roomshould not occur;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of one of the MDA's coupled to a mountingbracket;

FIG. 17 is an exploded view showing the MDA exploded away from themounting bracket;

FIG. 18 is a front elevation view of the MDA;

FIG. 19 is a front elevation view of the MDA, similar to FIG. 18,showing a bottom cover flipped down to expose user inputs and an RS-232data port;

FIG. 20 is a rear elevation view of the MDA, showing a battery door thatis removable to replace batteries which power the device;

FIG. 21 is a side elevation view of the MDA with the bottom coverflipped open;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of one of the beacon modules coupled to amounting bracket;

FIG. 23 is an exploded view showing the beacon module exploded away fromthe mounting bracket;

FIG. 24 is a bottom view of the beacon module showing user inputs anddata ports of the beacon module;

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of a display module showing the displaymodule having an antenna coupled to a sidewall of the display module;

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of one of the BLM's coupled to a mountingbracket;

FIG. 27 is an exploded perspective view showing the BLM exploded awayfrom the mounting bracket;

FIG. 28 is a perspective view showing a bottom of the BLM having userinputs and data ports; and

FIG. 29 is a diagrammatic view of an alternative embodiment of a systemin which a local data collection module is included as part of acomputer on wheels (COW) that is wheeled from room-to-room to collectdata from the MDA's coupled to the patient care devices associated witheach patient in the room.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A system 10 for collecting, communicating, analyzing, and/or displayingdata from a plurality of patient care devices 12 is shown in FIG. 1.System 10 has a local data collection module 14 such as a JavaApplication Control Engine (JACE) available from Tridium, Inc. ofRichmond, Va. In a prototype of system 10, a JACE-201 was used as module14 and included Tridium's NIAGARA™ software. In other embodiments,however, module 14 may comprise other types of computer devices havingwireless communication capability. For example, an embodiment of system10 in which a JACE-700, which is sometimes referred to as a JACE7, isused as module 14 is contemplated by this disclosure. Module 14 includesa controller 16 (e.g., a microprocessor or microcontroller and relatedcircuitry, or the like), a receiver 18 coupled to the first controllerand operable to receive local wireless signals. Module 14 also has atransceiver 20 coupled to controller 16 and operable to communicatewirelessly with a wireless access point 22 of an Ethernet 24 of ahealthcare facility, such as by a WiFi protocol including, for example,an 802.11 protocol (e.g., 802.11_(g), etc.). The local data collectionmodule 14 may also have an Ethernet connector 26, such as an 802.3 portor RJ-45 connector, coupled to controller 16 and configured forhardwired connection to the Ethernet 24 of the healthcare facility asindicated by dashed line 28 in FIG. 1. Thus, two-way data communicationbetween module 14 and Ethernet 24 may be via a wireless or wiredconnection or data link.

The receiver 18 of module 14 is operable according to a short rangewireless communication protocol, such as the 802.15.4 protocol (alsoknown as the Zigbee protocol) or an ultrawide band protocol (e.g., anyof the ultrawide band communications protocols that currently exist orthat are in development currently or that may be developed in thefuture). In other embodiments, receiver 18 is included as part of atransceiver that also is able to transmit data from module 14 to devices12. It is also within the scope of this disclosure for module 14 to haveone or more separate receivers and transmitter for communication withdevices 12 and other devices for that matter.

System 10 also has a plurality of data communication modules 30 as shownin FIG. 1. Data communication modules 30 are sometimes referred toherein as medical device adapters (MDA's) and these terms are intendedto be interchangeable. Each MDA 30 has a controller 32 (e.g., amicroprocessor or microcontroller and related circuitry) and a deviceconnector 34 (see FIG. 2) that is coupled to controller 32 and that iscoupleable to a connector 36 (see FIG. 1) of the respective patient caredevice 12. The connector 36 of some patient care devices 12 is an RS-232port and, in other patient care devices, is a Universal Serial Bus (USB)port.

In some embodiments, connector 34 of module 30 is configuredappropriately for coupling to the connector 36 of an associated device.Thus, it is within the scope of this disclosure for the connectors 34 ofmodule 30 to be appropriately fashioned for the connector 36 of thedevice 12 to which the particular module 30 is to be coupled regardlessof what type of connector 36 a particular device 12 may have. In someembodiments contemplated herein, cables having appropriately configuredcouplers at their ends are used to connect to connectors or ports 34 ofmodules 30 and to connectors or ports 36 of devices 12. It will beappreciated such cables may be custom-designed in some instances inwhich devices 12 have output ports that are unique or of a type that arerarely used.

Each MDA 30 has communication circuitry and/or a transmitter 38, asshown in FIG. 2, coupled to controller 32 and operable to transmit localwireless signals to receiver 18 of the local data collection module 14according to the associated wireless communication protocol, which insome embodiments of system is the 802.15.4 protocol but may be someother ultrawide band protocol or other protocol in other embodiments.The wireless signal transmitted by transmitter 38 of module 30 includesdata received from the associated device 12 by module 30 via connector34.

In some embodiments, the data received from device 12 is transmittedaccording to the data format or protocol in which the data was receivedfrom device 12. However, it is contemplated by this disclosure thatcontroller 32 of module 30 may be programmed to convert the data that isreceived from the associated device 12 according to a device dataprotocol, which may be unique to the particular device, into dataaccording to a common protocol or format and then to signal transmitter38 to transmit the converted data to the local data collection module18. In other embodiments, the protocol or format conversion of data fromdevices 12 is performed by controller 16 of module 14. Systems in whichdata is converted by module 30 for some devices 12 and is converted bymodule 14 for other devices 12 are also contemplated. Also contemplatedby this disclosure are systems in which conversion of data from oneformat to another is performed at some other computer device that iscoupled to hospital Ethernet 24 and located remotely from the room inwhich modules 14, 30 are located.

The local data collection module 14 is coupled to a hospital bed 40 inthe illustrative example. In other embodiments, module 14 may beincluded as part of the circuitry or electrical system of the hospitalbed 40 rather than being a separate, discrete module that attaches toit. Data from the hospital bed 40 also is communicated to controller 16of the local communication module 30 and, in turn, transmitted by thetransceiver 20 to the wireless access point 22 of the Ethernet 24 of thehealthcare facility. The controller 16 of the local data collectionmodule 14 may run JAVA applications. In the some contemplatedembodiments, hospital bed 40 is a Hill-Rom TotalCare® bed, for example.

It is within the scope of this disclosure for module 30 to be coupled tosome other device, such as a room wall, a headwall (see headwalls 101and 102 of FIG. 3) that is coupled to a room wall, an arm, a column, orother piece of architectural equipment (not shown), or to be part of astand alone computer, or even coupled to or integrated with anotherpatient care device. In the illustrative embodiment shown in FIG. 9, forexample, the local data collection module and display are integratedtogether and are indicated diagrammatically to be coupled to a headwallof a room. In FIG. 9, module 1460 is referred to as a “wall hub.” Whenmodule 14 is coupled to hospital bed 40, it may be referred to as a “bedhub” and the bed data is communicated to the bed hub via wiredconnections. When module 14 is not mounted on bed 40, or included aspart of the circuitry of bed 40, then bed 40 communicates its bed datawirelessly to the module 14 in much the same way that the MDA's 30communicate data from devices 12 to module 14.

Data from the hospital bed may include, but is not limited to, thefollowing: data regarding a function or feature of the hospital bed,data regarding an identification of the hospital bed, data regarding amodel number of the hospital bed, data regarding a software revisionversion of the hospital bed, data regarding a position of a siderail ofthe hospital bed, data regarding the status of a caster braking systemof the hospital bed, data regarding a status of a therapy surface of thehospital bed, data regarding a weighing system of the hospital bed, dataregarding a patient position monitoring system of the hospital bed, dataregarding a bed exit monitoring system of the hospital bed, and dataregarding the angular positions of deck sections of the bed, includingthe angle at which the head section of the bed is elevated. U.S. Pat.App. Pub. No. 2007/0210917 A1 gives additional examples of bed data andis hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all thatit teaches.

In some instances, the MDA's 30 receive power from the devices 12 towhich they connect either via connectors 36 of devices 12 or via otherpower connectors (not shown). In other instances, MDA's 30 receive powerfrom batteries carried by the MDA's. The 802.15.4 protocol is suitablefor offering a fundamental lower network layer to provide a low-costwireless personal area network (WPAN) that has communications betweendevices which are short range, low-speed (i.e., low data rate), and lowpower. Thus, use of the 802.15.4 communication protocol between MDA's 30and local data collection modules 14 enhances battery life in thoseinstances when power is not otherwise available to a particular MDA fromanother source.

As indicated by dashed line 42 in FIG. 1, at least one of the datacommunication modules 30 may be configured to also wirelesslycommunicate with another one of the data communication modules 30 tocreate a local wireless mesh network. Thus, if one of modules 30 iswithin range to successfully communicate with module 14 according to theshort range RF transmission being used, and another of modules 14 iswithin range of the first module 30 but not module 14, then the module30 within range of module 14 may communicate to module its associateddata and the data associated with the other module. Furthermore,multiple modules 30 may form a wireless mesh network and the modules 30that are outside the range for communicating with module 14 directly mayroute all their associated data to module 14 via one or more modules 14that are within the range for communicating with module 14.

As shown in FIG. 1, the local data collection module 14 may comprise atleast one expansion port 44 coupled to controller 16 and configured topermit at least one additional device to be coupled to the local datacollection module via a hardwired connection 46. It is contemplated thatmultiple expansion ports 44 may be included in system 10. The expansionports 44 may comprise, for example, multiple RJ-45 connectors or ports.Other types of connectors or ports, such as RS-232 ports, RS-485 ports,USB ports, etc. are contemplated as being included in an expansion portdevice. In an illustrative example, shown in FIG. 8, a bank 111 of RJ-45ports 112 is used as an expansion port 44 to permit hardwiredconnections with devices 12. In the FIG. 8 example, a cable 114 has anRJ-45 connector 116 at its end inserted into one of the RJ-45 connectors112 of expansion port 44.

The expansion port 44 of FIG. 8 is physically attached to a frame member118 at a head end 120 of bed 12 between a pair of push handles 122 ofbed 12. As also suggested in FIG. 8, one or more power outlets may beprovided on the underside of expansion port 44 for receipt of a plug 124of a power cord 126. Power cord 126 and/or cable 114 extend from one ofthe patient care devices 12 that is providing care to the patient on bed40. Because the head end 120 of bed 40 is typically positioned near aroom wall or headwall of a hospital room and because a large number ofpatient care devices are typically located near the head end of the bedsupporting the patient during use, providing expansion port 44 at thehead end of the bed 40 allows for the various cables, such as cable 114,to be routed to expansion port 112 in a manner that minimizesinterference with the caregivers access to the patient at the bedsideand that minimizes interference with the operation of bed components,such as the siderails. In other embodiments, expansion port 44 couplesto a wall or headwall of the room and devices 12, or cables from MDA'sthat are coupled to devices 12, are coupled to connectors 112 ofexpansion port 44.

The MDA's 30 may each have a locating device 50 coupled thereto orincluded as part thereof as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2. Thelocating device 50 may comprise a receiver 52, such as an RF, IR, orultrasound receiver, and/or a transmitter 54, such as an RF, IR, orultrasonic transmitter. In some embodiments, the circuitry of thelocating device 50 may be coupled to controller 32 as indicated bydashed line 55 in FIG. 2, in which case transmitter 54 may be omittedand transmitter 38 may be used for the locating functionality inaddition to its other uses. Each of the data communication modules 30may include an Ethernet connector 56 coupled to the controller andconfigured for hardwired connection to the Ethernet 24 of the healthcarefacility or to some other port such as a port associated with anothermodule 30 or to expansion port 44. Port 56 may be, for example, an 802.3port such as an RJ-45 connector. The locating device 50 is used tolocate the whereabouts of the associated module 30, and therefore, theassociated device 12 in a healthcare facility. Such location data may beused to automatically associate a particular device 12 with a particularpatient or with some other device, such as bed 40.

The local wireless signals transmitted by the transmitters 38 of thedata communication modules 30 may comprise packets including adestination address. The destination address may correspond to anaddress of the local data collection module 14, for example, orcorrespond to an address of another one of the data communicationmodules 30 that form part of a wireless mesh network, or may evencorrespond to some other device that is coupled to or included inEthernet 24.

The types of patient care devices 12 to which the data communicationmodules 30 may be coupled include, but are not limited to, the followingtypes of devices: a vital signs monitor (e.g., an EKG, an EEG, arespiration rate monitor, and/or a blood pressure monitor), aphysiologic monitor (e.g., a blood oxygen saturation monitor, and/or atemperature sensor), a ventilator, an IV pump, and/or a drug infusionpump. This disclosure contemplates that modules 30 may be coupled to anyand all types of patient care devices that have output ports forproviding available data to external devices. In some instances, inorder to fully decipher the data (e.g., the formatting of the data)being output by some patient care devices 12, cooperation will be neededby the manufacturer of such devices as such manufacturers may havedeveloped their own unique and/or proprietary data formatting protocols.However, it will be appreciated that system 10 permits data collectionby module 14 of data from a wide variety of equipment made by differentmanufacturers. In a prototype system, for example, module 14 receiveddata transmissions from a Puritan Bennett 840 ventilator and a DinamapPro 300 which is a physiological monitor for monitoring blood pressureand pulse oximetry.

Illustrative system 10 also has a display 60 communicatively coupled tothe local data collection module 14 and operable to display informationindicative of the data received by the local data collection module 14from some or all of the data communication modules 30. Display 60 may becoupled to hospital bed 14, as shown in FIG. 1, or may be included aspart of a tablet (not shown, but included in the prototype system) ormay be included as part of a remote computer (not shown) or may beincluded as part of a local computer (not shown) or may be included aspart of a hand-held wireless device such as a personal data assistant(PDA).

System 10 may further have a third controller, such as a computerdevice, that may be operable to analyze the data received by the localdata collection module 14 from the data communication modules 30. Inanalyzing the data, the third controller may determine the existence ofan alarm condition based on data from at least two different datacommunication modules. The third controller may be part of a computerthat is coupled to Ethernet 24. If desired, the controller 16 of thelocal data collection module 14 may be programmed with similar dataanalysis capability in lieu of, or in addition to, the third controllerhaving this functionality. The third controller or the controller of thelocal data collection module 14 may be configured to permit an end userto program the alarm condition based on object oriented programmingtechniques. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,225,426 and 6,832,120 which arebelieved to relate to object oriented programming of Tridium's JACEdevices. The alarm conditions may be established in accordance with aStandard of Care.

According to this disclosure, the third controller or the controller 16of the local data collection module 14 may be configured to permit anend user to selectively choose data from the plurality of datacommunication modules 30 for display on at least one dashboard shown onthe display 60. The end users, for example, may be able to createdashboards by selecting a field on a display 60, such as a touch screen,to indicate which data is to be included in the dashboard. The datafield may be located on a virtual rendering of the associated patientcare device 12 which appears on the display 60. The data acquired byMDA's and transmitted to local data collection module 14 may bedisplayed in graphical or tabular form on display 60.

In one embodiment of system 10, virtual renderings 130, 132, 134 of theHill-Rom TotalCare® bed, the Puritan Bennett 840 ventilator, and theDinamap Pro 300 monitor, respectively, were displayed simultaneously onthe display 60 on a home screen 129 as shown in FIG. 4. In this exampleof system 10, the virtual renderings 132, 134 of the monitor andventilator mimic the look and feel of the user interface (i.e., inputand output portions) of these devices including showing at least some ofthe digital readings appearing on the actual devices and updating themfrom time to time as the data from the MDA's 30 is received by module14. Also in this example, the virtual rendering 130 of the hospital bedis an image of the overall bed that mimics the position of variouspositions of the bed (e.g., siderails up or down, head section raised orlowered, upper frame raised or lowered, and so on). It will beappreciated that, the display 60 may be operable, for example, todisplay hospital bed data simultaneously with displaying the informationindicative of the data received by the local data collection modulesfrom at least some of the data communication modules. Such data mayappear on a different portion of the display 60 than where the virtualrendering appears.

It is contemplated by this disclosure that display 60 is a touch screendisplay. A caregiver may touch one of renderings 130, 132, 134 to viewadditional information about the associated patient care device. Forexample, if the caregiver touches rendering 130 of hospital bed onscreen 129 shown in FIG. 4, the controller 16 responds by displaying abed screen 135 which includes a table 136 having information aboutvarious positions of bed components as shown in FIG. 5. In theillustrative example, table 136 includes data relating to bed height(i.e., the amount that an upper frame of the hospital bed is elevatedrelative to a lower frame or to the floor); Trendelenburg angle (i.e.,the angle that the upper frame of the bed is tilted relative tohorizontal or relative to the base frame); the angular positions ofhead, knee, and foot sections of an articulated deck of the hospitalbed; and the length that the foot section is extended. Also in theillustrative example, a box 138 is provided on screen 135 to display theweight of the patient as sensed by a weigh scale system of the hospitalbed. First and second boxes 140, 142 are also provided on screen 135 toindicate the positions of a head rail and foot rail (e.g., thesiderails). In the illustrative example, the head rail is up and thefoot rail is down.

If a caregiver touches monitor rendering 134 on screen 129 shown in FIG.4, the controller 16 responds by displaying a monitor screen 144 ondisplay 60 as shown, for example, in FIG. 6. Screen 144 includes anenlarged rendering 146 having a number of data boxes 148 in which thecorresponding data, as it appears on the actual monitor, is shown.Renderings 150 of LED status indicators of the actual monitor are alsoshown on screen 144 in the appropriate location of enlarged rendering146. In the illustrative example, an enlarged table 152 is provided topresent the associated data to the caregiver in a larger size than itwould be presented if simply reproduced in an area 154 of rendering 146.A one minute time chart or graph 156 is also shown on screen 144. If thecaregiver operates the actual monitor to generate a one minute timechart, then a corresponding chart is generated on graph 156 of screen144. A color key 158 is provided beneath graph 156 on screen 144 so thatthe caregiver can see which physiological parameter corresponds to theassociated trace on graph 156 when it appears. Screen 144 of FIG. 6 isan example in which data is presented to caregivers in basically theidentical format and arrangement that the caregivers are used to seeingon the actual associated device 12.

If a caregiver touches ventilator rendering 132 on screen 129 shown inFIG. 4, the controller 16 responds by displaying a ventilator screen 160on display 60 as shown, for example, in FIG. 7. Rendering 132 of screen129 continues to be shown on screen 160 in its same size in theillustrative example. However, a table 162 is provided on screen 160.Key pieces of data are shown in an upper area 164 of table 162. The keypieces of data in area 164 are presented to the user in a differentformat and/or arrangement than the same data is presented to the user onthe actual ventilator. Thus, it is within the scope of this disclosurefor users to program controller 16 to display data from devices 12 in amanner that is more to their liking than the same data may be displayedon an actual device. Also, the key pieces of information received fromthe same type of device, but from different manufacturers, may be shownon display 60 with the same look and feel. Thus, by having controller 16of module 14 appropriately programmed caregivers can receive data in amore consistent manner even though the data may be provided to module 14from a wide variety of devices of the same type (e.g., differentventilators from different manufacturers).

Table 162 also has a lower area 166 with a list of alarm conditions thatmay occur on the associated device 12, in this case, a ventilator.Renderings 168 of status LED indicators are provided next to each of thealarm conditions listed in area 166 of table 162. The alarm list oftable 162 may mimic a similar table of an actual device 12 in someinstances, and may be custom programmed in other instances to provide amore user friendly presentation of the alarm list to caregivers. Usingsuch custom programming allows for alarm conditions to be presented tocaregivers in a more consistent format from device to device of the sametype. The renderings 168 of status LED indicators may be green when noalarm condition is occurring, yellow when an alarm condition may soonoccur and red when an alarm condition is occurring. It should be notedthat the actual device may not indicate an alarm condition in the mannerin which it is indicated on display 60 of system 10. Thus, users areable to program system 10 so as to present alarm condition data tocaregivers in a format and/or arrangement that is more to their likingthan the same information is presented on an actual device 12.

Referring once again to FIG. 2, the illustrative MDA's 30 have a datafilter 66 operable to filter data so that subsequent packets ofinformation received from the associated patient care device 12 that areidentical to previously received packets are not transmitted to thelocal data collection module 14. Such an arrangement reduces unnecessaryband width usage by transmitting information that has already beentransmitted to the local data collection module 14. The data filter 66may be implemented via software and/or hardware. For example, thepackets that have been transmitted by transmitter 38 may be copied tomemory of module 30 and then controller 38 may run a software routine tocompare subsequent packets to the packets that are stored in memory. Insome embodiments, the data filter 66 is omitted and the MDA 30 lackingfilter 66 simply transmits data as it is received from the associateddevice 12. If communication is lost between one of the MDA's 30 and thelocal data collection module 14, the MDA 30 may buffer the data receivedfrom the respective patient care device in memory for transmission tothe local data collection module 14 at a later time when communicationis restored.

As mentioned above, MDA's 30 have location device 50 that sends orreceives at least one signal which is used to determine a location ofthe MDA 30, and therefore, the location of the associated patient caredevice 12 in a healthcare facility. The locating device 50 may becoupled to, or included in, the MDA 30. Thus, the locating device 50 maybe a locating tag that couples to a housing of module 30. The locatingdevice 50 may have circuitry that is coupled to the controller 32 asalso previously mentioned.

The transmitter 38 of the MDA 30 is included as part of a transceiverthat is coupled to the controller 30 in some embodiments contemplatedherein. Thus, MDA 30 may further have a receiver coupled to thecontroller 32 and operable to receive wireless signals. In someembodiments, the location device 50 of the MDA has an ultrasonicreceiver 52 as previously mentioned. The controller 32 is programmed todetermine a time difference between the time at which the receiver ofcircuitry 38 receives an RF location signal and the time at which theultrasonic receiver 52 receives an ultrasonic signal. The timedifference may, for example, be calculated using a timer that startswhen the RF location signal is received and that stops when theultrasound signal is received or the time difference may be determinedby logging in memory the times at which the RF location signal and theultrasound signal are received and then subtracting the times. Otherways of determining the time difference, such as by counting the numberof clock pulses of an oscillator between receipt of the RF locationsignal and the ultrasound signal, are within the scope of thisdisclosure. The time difference may be referred to as a time of flight(TOF) in some instances, and the time at which the RF location signaland ultrasound signal are received may be of may be referred to as timeof arrival (TOA) in some instances.

Regardless of the technique used, once the controller 32 determines atime difference between receipt of the RF location signal and receipt ofthe ultrasonic signal, the controller 32 transmits, as one of itswireless signals, the time difference to another device such as module14 or to a device associated with a locating and tracking system that iscoupled to Ethernet 24. Alternatively or additionally, controller 32 maybe configured to calculate a distance based on the time difference. Thedistance calculated is how far away the MDA 30 is from a beacon modulewhich houses the source of transmission of the RF location signal andthe ultrasound signal. The beacon module is discussed in further detailbelow. In those embodiments in which MDA's 30 transmit the timedifference, then the receiving device, such as module 14 or anothercomputer device calculates the distance based on the time difference.

As shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3, hospital rooms oftentimes have twopatient beds 40 (designated as 40A and 40B in FIG. 3) in the same room.Thus, wireless transmissions from modules 30 of devices 12 associatedwith a first patient on bed 40A may get received by module 14 of bed 40Band wireless transmissions from modules 30 of devices 12 associated witha second patient on bed 40B may get received by module 14 of bed 40A.Accordingly, to reduce the need for caregivers to perform a lot ofcomputer data entry to associate devices 12 with patients, thisdisclosure contemplates various device-to-patient (or device-to-bed)association methods.

According to this disclosure, a method of associating a plurality ofdevices 12 in a room 100 with either a first patient in the room (e.g.,a patient on bed 40A) or a second patient in the room (e.g., a patienton bed 40B) is provided. As described above locating devices 50 incombination with controller 32 of MDA's 30 are able to determine thetime difference between receipt of an RF locating signal and receipt ofan ultrasound locating signal. Because the RF signals travelapproximately at the speed of light, they are received by MDA's 30substantially simultaneously with their transmission, whereas theultrasonic signals travel at the speed of sound which is approximately 1foot per millisecond. In the illustrative example, a combinationRF/ultrasonic transmitter 110, which is referred to herein as a beaconmodule 110, is coupled to each head wall 101, 102 to transmit the RFlocating signal and the ultrasonic locating signal. Devices 110 may bemounted to other portions of room 10, such to a room wall, or to someother structure in the room.

Because the time lag between the RF and ultrasound locating signals isdeterminable, a distance between each of the MDA's 30 and a point oftransmission of the RF and ultrasound signals (referenced to herein as a“reference point” although some point other that the point of signaltransmission may be designated and mathematically accounted for and alsobe considered a “reference point” herein) may be determined by anassociation computer. The association computer may be module 14 or acomputer of locating and tracking system 70 or some other computer asdesired. The association computer, therefore, is operable to determine adistance to each device 12 of the plurality of devices 12 from a firstreference point associated with the first patient and from a secondreference point associated with the second patient based on thedistances between the beacon modules 110 and MDA's 30 that are coupledto devices 12.

The association computer may be programmed, for example, such that anydevices within a first predetermined distance (e.g., five or six feet,or more or less) from the first reference point are associated with thefirst patient and such that any devices within a second predetermineddistance from the second reference point are associated with the secondpatient. The first and second predetermined distances may besubstantially equivalent distances or may be different distances. In theillustrative example of FIG. 3, if the length (L) of room is 24 feetwith 12 feet being associated with the space occupied by bed 40A and 12feet being associated with the space occupied by bed 40B, and assumingthat the first and second reference points are located midway within therespective spaces (e.g., defined on the beacon modules 110 coupled torespective headwalls 101,102), an association computer may be programmedsuch that any devices 12 within six feet of a beacon module 110 areassociated with that particular location, bed and/or patient. In roomsthat are asymmetric or otherwise oddly shaped the threshold distancesfor automatic association may be different from one another.

In those embodiments in which local data collection module 14 is coupledto bed 40, a bed listener module (BLM) 31 is coupled to the bed 40 toreceive the RF location signal and the ultrasound signal from the beaconmodule 110 and to determine a time difference between receipt of the RFand ultrasound location signals and/or a distance between beacon module110 and BLM 31 in the same manner as described above with regard to theMDA's. The BLM 31 may be coupled via a wired connection to module 14 insuch an embodiment. The BLM 31 circuitry is similar to the circuitry ofMDA 30, but some of the hardware and software found in the MDA 30 isomitted in the BLM 31 because the data from bed 40 is alreadycommunicated to module 40 via wired connections with the bed circuitry.In those embodiments in which module 40 is off of the bed, such as beingmounted to a wall or headwall in the room, then an MDA 30 is coupled tobed 40 and the bed data is treated just like data from any of the otherdevices 12 by the associated MDA 30. In some embodiments contemplated bythis disclosure, the BLM 31 is also configured to perform an RF energyscan to determine the best channel for module or bed hub 14 to use forcommunication.

Even after executing algorithms to attempt to associate devices 12 withpatients (or beds or locations) automatically, there may be someambiguities that need to be resolved in one way or another to associatea device 12 with a particular patient (directly or via associating thedevice 12 with a bed 40 or a location in a healthcare facility). Forexample, as among two like devices 12 in the room, that may both bebeyond the threshold distances mentioned above or that may both bewithin the threshold distance, the ambiguity may be resolved for thelike devices 12 by associating the like device 12 that is closest to thefirst reference point with the first patient and associating the secondof the like devices 12 that is closest to the second reference pointwith the second patient, regardless of the magnitude of those distances.For example, in FIG. 3, “device 2” and “device 4” are beyond 6 feet fromtransmitter 110 of headwall 101 and “device 6” and “device 8” are beyond6 feet from transmitter 110 of headwall 102.

With regard to ambiguities regarding which patient care device 12 isassociated with which patient, it is also contemplated that data viaEthernet 24 from a remote computer may be obtained by the associationcomputer and the ambiguity resolved based on the data obtained from theremote computer. The remote computer may be part of an electronicmedical records (EMR) system 72 and/or an admission, discharge, andtransfer (ADT) system 74, for example. The remote computer may be partof a workflow system 76 or a Nurse Call system 78 or any other computersystem in the healthcare facility. For example, if data in the EMRand/or ADT system indicate that a first patient in a room has had kneereplacement surgery and that a second patient in the room has had aheart attack, the association computer may use this data to associate apassive motion machine with the first patient and an EKG with the secondpatient.

Any ambiguities as to whether at least one device 12 of the plurality ofdevices 12 is associated with the first patient or the second patientmay be resolved by prompting a user on display 60 or on a display of theassociation computer (if module 14 is not serving as the associationcomputer) to provide information to resolve the ambiguity. The user thenresolves the ambiguity manually by typing the needed information ortouching a touch screen, for example, in the appropriate place or viaany other method of data entry.

During the process of associating devices 12 having MDA's 30 with aparticular bed 40 or room location, the devices 12 with MDA's 30 aremoved into an association field (sometimes referred to as an associationcloud) near beacon module 110. Once the devices 12 and MDA's 30 areassociated, they do not need to remain in the association field, butshould remain within the communication range of module 14 unless MDA's30 are of the type that capable of establishing a mesh network, in whichcase only one of the MDA's 30 need to remain within communicationdistance of hub 14. After the association is made, module or bed hub 14communicates with the MDA 30 to recognize the particular type of medicaldevice 12 to which the MDA 30 is coupled and to load the appropriatedevice driver software and protocols.

It is contemplated by this disclosure that display 60 may be included ina heads up type display system integrated into glasses or goggles wornby a caregiver. It is also contemplated that the data received by module14 as well as any alarm conditions or alert conditions that aredetermined based on that data could be transmitted via a communicationsystem 80 to a handheld wireless communication device carried by anassigned caregiver or caregivers. Such handheld communication devicesmay include, for example, PDA's, Vocera™ badges, ASCOM™ handsets, orSpectralink™ handsets, just to name a few. See U.S. Pat. No. 7,319,386,which is hereby incorporated by reference herein, for additional detailsof communication systems 80 associated with Vocera™ badges, ASCOM™handsets, or Spectralink™ handsets and the transmission of alarms andalerts to these.

Referring now to FIG. 9, a system 200 similar to system 10 is showndiagrammatically. Because of the similarities between system 200 andsystem 10, like reference numerals are used to denote like components.Unlike system 10 which had local data collection module 14 and display60 coupled to bed 40, system 200 has a combination local data collectionmodule and display, indicated diagrammatically at block 1460, mounted toa head wall in the hospital room. The combination local data collectionmodule and display is referred to herein as a “wall hub 1460.” In oneembodiment, wall hub 1460 is a JACE2700 available from Tridium, Inc. ofRichmond, Va. In FIG. 9, a patient 202 is shown diagrammatically on bed40 and a number of lines 204 are shown diagrammatically interconnectingthe patient 202 with the various medical devices 12. Thus, lines 204 areillustrative of the various monitor leads and care delivery tubes thatare used in connection with patient care in a healthcare facility.

Wall hub 1460 receives wireless data signals from the MDA's that arecoupled to devices 12 and also stores drivers for MDA's 30 as well asstoring backup data for the patient. The drivers stored in memory ofwall hub 1460 are custom software modules written for each medicaldevice 12 to which an MDA 30 may be coupled and the drivers includerules defining valid data for each device 12. Thus, the drivers accountfor any protocol conversion that may need to take place to permitcommunication between the wall hub 1460 and the medical devices 12and/or between wall hub 1460 and other systems such as EMR system 72 andADT system 74.

In one embodiment, in connection with wall hub 1460 establishingcommunications with a particular device 12, the wall hub 1460 receivesdata from the particular devices 12, such as a model number or devicetype number or other identification information, from which the type ofdevice 12 can be determined by wall hub 1460. The wall hub 1460 thendetermines whether device driver software for that particular type ofdevice is stored in its memory. If wall hub 1460 does not have thedevice driver software for the particular device 12, then wall hub 1460requests the device driver software from a hub server 206 which,according to this disclosure, contains a library of device driversoftware for the various types of devices 12 that are present in thehealthcare facility and which have been designated for communicationwith wall hub 1460. Hub server 206 then responds by transmitting therequested device driver software to wall hub 1460 for storage and use.When using the device driver software, wall hub 1460 uses the driverinformation to determine if medical data is being communicated, todetermine if the data is valid, and to display device information on thedisplay of wall hub 1460. The foregoing description regarding the mannerin which wall hub 1460 operates to communicate with hub server 206 toobtain device driver software is applicable to module 14 as well, insome embodiments, including display of data on display 60 that iscommunicatively coupled to module 14.

The data gathered by wall hub 1460 from the various medical devices 12via MDA's 30 is communicated to the EMR system 72 for automatic entryinto the patient's electronic medical record. In connection withassociating the various medical devices 12 with the patient beingmonitored by, or receiving care from, devices 12, wall hub 1460 receivesinformation from ADT system 74. In the illustrative example of FIG. 9,the information from ADT system 74 is routed through hub supervisor 206,which includes a server with a display for system administration andbiomedical configuration. Information received by wall hub 1460 from ADTsystem 74 includes, for example, the name of the patient that has beenassigned to the particular room location where the wall hub 1460 islocated.

Unlike system 10 which, in the illustrative example above, is programmedand configured to provide on display 60 a local data display of a widevariety of data acquired from devices 12 and to provide alarmingcapabilities when alarm conditions are indicated on one or more ofdevices 12, the primary purpose of system 200 is to acquire data fromthe devices 12 in communication with wall hub 1460 and to transmit thatdata to the EMR system 72 for automatic storage of at least some of theacquired data in the patient's electronic medical record. System 200,therefore, reduces or possibly, altogether eliminates, the need for acaregiver to manually enter the data from devices 12 onto a written orelectronic chart thereby enhancing overall caregiver efficiency.

FIGS. 10-15 provide examples of screen shots that appear on the displayof wall hub 1460 in connection with the operation of system 200.Referring to FIG. 10, a room number field 208 is provided in the upperleft portion of the screen to provide an area for display of the numberof the room in which the wall hub is located. In the example of FIG. 10,“Room 32” is shown in field 208. The screen shot of FIG. 10 also has aname field 210 in the upper right portion of the screen to provide anarea for the name of a patient to be displayed. In the example of FIG.10, “No Patient” is displayed in field 210 to indicate that no patienthas been assigned to the room. The screen shot of FIG. 10 also has afield 212 beneath a “Device” header 214 that is empty to indicate thatthe system of FIG. 9 is in a state in which no wireless communicationbetween the wall hub 1460 and any patient care devices 12 is takingplace.

Once a patient has been assigned to the room the patient's name appearsin field 210 in a HIPAA compliant format as shown in FIG. 11. Inaddition, once medical devices 12 have established communications withwall hub 1460, the names of the medical devices are listed in field 212under the Devices heading 214. In the illustrative example of FIG. 11, aPhilips IntelliVue MP60 and a GE Dinamap 300V2 are in communication withwall hub 1460. Next to each of the device names in field 212 is a statusbox 216. The status boxes 216 are filled with particular colors toindicate that certain events are occurring. In FIG. 12, for example, thestatus box 216 next to the GE Dinamap 300V2 is shaded to indicate thatan event is occurring.

It is contemplated by this disclosure that a color code of green instatus box 216 means that the wall hub is currently receiving data fromthe associated device and a color code of yellow in the status boxindicates that some sort of communication fault is occurring. In someembodiments, status box 216 is color coded red to indicate that sometype of alarm is occurring or is sensed by the associated medical device12. However, in the illustrative example, system 200 is configured notto indicate any alarms so as to avoid being subject to certainrequirements of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that areapplicable to medical systems which alarm. Thus, system 200 isprogrammed to be a non-alarming system that captures patient data andmedical device data from patient monitoring equipment and that transmitsthe data to the patient electronic medical record where the data isstored.

As shown in FIG. 13, if communication between the devices 12 in the roomand wall hub 1460 is lost completely, then a pop-up window 218 appearson the display of hub 1460 with the message “Connection to hub waslost.” A user can close pop-up window 218 by touching, or otherwiseselecting, an Ok button 220 or a close box 222. If the wall hub 1460 isno longer able to communicate with the associated remote server 206, apop-up window 224 with the message “Connection to Room Data Server waslost” appears on the display of hub 1460 as shown in FIG. 13. In someembodiments, when the connection to server 206 is lost, hub 1460 storesincoming data from devices 12 until communication is re-established withserver 206 and then the stored data is transmitted. As was the case withwindow 218, an Ok button 220 and a close box 222 are provided in window224 to enable a user to close window 224.

As shown in FIGS. 10-15, a “Disassociate All Devices” button or icon 226is provided on the display of wall hub 1460. Button 226 is touched orotherwise selected to stop data collection from the devices 12 by wallhub 1460. Button 226 may be pressed for example, when the patient hasbeen discharged or when the patient is no longer in need of devices 12.In response to button 226 being selected, a pop-up window 228 with themessage “Disassociate all devices from Patient?” appears on the displayof hub 1460. A user can then select an Ok button 230 to confirm that allof the devices are to be disassociated from the hub 1460 such that hub1460 no longer receives data from devices 12 and/or no longer transmitsdata to the patient's electronic medical record. A user can selecteither a No button 232 of close box 222 to abort the disassociation. Ifbutton 232 or box 222 are selected in window 228 then hub 1460 continuesto perform its data collection and communication function.

Referring now to FIGS. 16 and 17, an illustrative embodiment of MDA 30is coupled to a mounting bracket 230 which, in turn, is coupleable todevices 12. MDA 30 includes a housing 232 having a front wall 234, apair of side walls 236, a top wall 238, a bottom wall 240, and a backwall 242 as shown in FIGS. 16-21. Bracket 230 has a pair of side walls244 and a back wall 246 that interconnects walls 244 as best shown inFIG. 17. Back wall 246 of bracket 230 has four holes 247 that arelocated in a central area thereof and that are arranged in a patternthat is compatible with coupling to a Hill-Rom headwall rail mount or toa Hill-Rom IV pole mount. Bracket 244 attaches to medical devices 12with a suitable coupler such as a clamp, hook-and-loop fasteners (e.g.VELCRO® fasteners), or adhesive, just to name a few.

According to this disclosure, MDA's 30 may mount to power adapters thatare coupled to a standard AC wall outlet. That is, the MDA's 30 attachto a power adapter to received power therefrom. A cable is then used toconnect the MDA's to associated devices 12 by coupling the cable to theappropriate data ports. Such power adapters for the MDA's may also havean outlet for the associated medicals devices 12 to plug into, such thatthe power adapter plugs into the wall and the device 12, as well as theassociated MDA 30, plugs into the adapter. The power adapter isconfigured to mount to a pole, such an IV pole, in some embodiments, andin other embodiments, the power adapter may be mounted elsewhere such asto another portion of the bed 40 or to a wall or headwall. The poweradapter has a power cord that couples to a standard AC power outlet.

Side walls 244 of bracket 230 each have a hole 248 about midway betweenthe top and the bottom of bracket 230. Side walls 236 of housing 232each have an aperture 250 therein. Apertures 250 align with holes 248when MDA 30 is situated between walls 244 of bracket 230. A pair ofknobs 252 is provided to fasten MDA 30 in place relative to bracket 230as shown in FIG. 16. Portions of knobs 252 are received in holes 248 andapertures 250. When knobs 252 are loosened, MDA 30 is able to pivotrelative to bracket 230 about an axis that passes through holes 248 andapertures 250. Thus, spacing is provided between back wall 242 ofhousing 232 and back wall 246 of bracket 230 to allow for the pivotingof the MDA 30 relative to bracket 230. Once MDA 30 is in its desiredorientation, knobs 252 are tightened to secure MDA 30 in place relativeto bracket 230. Apertures 250 are threaded in some embodiments toreceive a threaded screw portion of knobs 252. In other embodiments,threaded nuts are situated adjacent apertures 250 in the interior regionof housing 232 to receive the threaded screw portion of knobs 252.

Front wall 234 has a slightly domed disc 254 which has slots 256 in acentral region thereof. The ultrasound receiver (illustrateddiagrammatically in FIG. 3 as element 52) of MDA 30 is located behinddisc 254. Beneath disc 254 are a pair of light emitting diodes (LED's)258, one of which serves as a status indicator and the other of whichserves as a low battery indicator. For example, one of LED's 258 mayshine green when data is being acquired and/or transmitted by the MDA30. The other LED 258 may shine yellow when the battery is low. Suitabletext or icons are provided near LED's 258 to indicate the function ofeach.

MDA 30 also has a pair of buttons 260 which are located beneath LED's258. One of buttons 260 serves as a “confirm” button for a caregiver topress when a confirmed patient data reading is to be taken from theassociated medical device. As compared to the automatic wirelessreadings that are transmitted by MDA 30, a confirmed reading should beconsidered to have higher reliability since a caregiver is present toverify that the medical device 12 is operating properly and that thepatient is properly hooked up to the device 12. In some embodiments, the“confirm” button, when pressed, serves as a data capture button whichallows a caregiver to send data from MDA 30 to bed hub 14 or wall hub1460 at a time of their choosing. The other button 260 serves as a“disconnect” button that is pressed when the respective medical device12 is to be removed from the group of medical devices 12 associated withthe patient. Suitable text or icons are provided on or near buttons 260to indicate the function of each. Buttons 260 are membrane switches insome embodiments.

MDA 30 has a flip down or drop down access panel or door 262. Panel 262is movable between a closed position, shown in FIGS. 16-18, and anopened position, shown in FIGS. 19 and 21. When panel 262 is in theopened position, an RS-232 port 264 and set of user inputs 266 areexposed as shown in FIG. 19. Port 264 connects to the associated medicaldevice 12 via an appropriate connector cable. In some embodiments, port264 is a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port rather the illustrative RS-232port. Port 264 also provides programming and configuration access to thecircuitry of the MDA 30. Thus, another computer device can be coupled toport 264 to configure and program the software of MDA 30. User inputs266 include a power button, a reset button, and a program and configurebutton. In some embodiments, an additional port 268, shown in phantom inFIG. 21, is provided so that MDA 30 is coupleable electrically todevices 12 when the panel 262 is in the closed position.

MDA 30 is configured so as to be powered by either a 15.5 Volt DC wallpower supply or by a rechargeable battery. A port 269 is provided in oneof the sidewalls 236 of housing 232 for coupling to the 15.5 VDC powercord. The rechargeable battery provides short-term power (up to 12hours) and is, therefore, suitable for powering the MDA 30 during poweroutages and when the device 12 is mobile, such as when the patient isbeing moved from one location to another within a healthcare facilitywhile still connected to one or more devices 12. A battery door 270 isprovided at the rear of MDA 30 and is removable to allow the batteriesto be removed and replaced. In some embodiments, MDA 30 has a lowcapacity, factory-replaceable backup battery which powers the MDA 30when the larger batteries are removed. The on/off button of user inputs266 permits the power to the MDA 30 to be turned off when the MDA 30will be unused for an extended period of time.

Referring now to FIGS. 22-24, an illustrative embodiment of beaconmodule 110 is coupled to a mounting bracket 270 which, in turn, iscoupleable to a wall or headwall in a room of a healthcare facility.Beacon module 110 includes a housing 272 having a front wall 274, a pairof side walls 276, a top wall 278, a bottom wall 280, and a back wall282 as shown in FIGS. 22-24. Bracket 270 has a top wall 284, a bottomwall 286 and a back wall 288 that interconnects walls 284, 286 as bestshown in FIG. 23. Bracket 270 also has a pair of relatively small sidewalls 290 that are interconnected to walls 284, 286, 288.

Opposite end regions of back wall 288 of bracket 270 each have a firstwall portion 292 that is generally perpendicular to top wall 284 and asecond wall portion 294 that angle from portion 292 to bottom wall 286.A mounting hole 296 is provided in each of portions 292, 294 at each endof bracket 270. Suitable fasteners, such as screws extend through holes296, to attach bracket 270 to a wall or headwall or any other desiredstructure within a room of a healthcare facility. Wall portions 294 areprovided so that if beacon module is to be mounted relatively high in aroom, such as six feet off of the floor or higher, for example, thenbracket 270 can be tilted downwardly at about a forty-five degree anglehaving portions 294 abutting a vertical wall or surface and thenfastened thereto. Of course, bracket 270 can be mounted in a non-tiltedorientation by having wall portions 292 abutting the vertical surface towhich bracket 270 is mounted. Thus, screws are received either by holes296 of wall portion 292 or holes 296 of wall portion 294 depending uponthe orientation at which bracket 270 is to be mounted.

Front wall 274 of beacon module 110 has a slightly domed disc 298 whichhas slots 300 in a central region thereof as shown in FIGS. 22 and 23.An ultrasound transmitter of module 110 is located behind disc 298 inthe interior region of housing 272. In the illustrative example, module110 is configured to send an RF signal according to the 802.15.4protocol (i.e., Zigbee protocol) along with the ultrasound signal.Module 110 also has a pair of light emitting diodes (LED's) 302 in anupper region of one of the corners of front wall 274. LED's 302 serve asa status indicators. For example, one of LED's 302 may shine green whenRF and ultrasound signals are being transmitted by beacon module 110.The other LED 302 may shine yellow when a fault condition is detectedwithin the circuitry of module 110. Suitable text or icons are providednear LED's 302 to indicate the function of each.

Accessible on bottom wall 280 of housing 272 of module 110 are an RS-232port 304, a set of user inputs 306, and a pair of power connection ports308 as shown in FIG. 24. Port 304 provides connectivity to an externalcomputer device for programming and configuration of the circuitry ofmodule 110. User inputs 306 include a Restore Default Configurationbutton, a Reset button, and a Program Mode button. Module 110 isconfigured so as to be powered by a 15.5 Volt DC wall power supply and,in some embodiments, ports 308 comprise a standard power co-axial jack.Ports 308 are configured to couple to 15.5 VDC power cords via othertypes of connectors in other embodiments. Two ports 308 are provided inthe event that a second beacon module 110 is used within the room, inwhich case power can be daisy changed from one beacon module 110 to theother via a suitable power cord. Thus, one of ports 308 is a power inputport and the other of ports 308 is a power output port. Module 110 canreceive its power at the power input port 308 from a wall-mounted orheadwall-mounted display 60 or from a wall hub 1460 or from a standardwall supply.

Ports 304, 308 and user inputs 306 are concealed from view when module110 is received in bracket 270. However, ports 308 are recessed relativeto the rest of bottom wall 280 up into module 110 by a sufficientdistance to accommodate the power connectors that couple to one or bothof ports 308. Bracket 270 has a large opening 310 in back wall 288 toallow for the routing of power cords therethrough. Back wall 288 is alsomolded to have a pair of cord wrap tabs 312 around which excess slack ofthe one or both power cords can be wrapped, if desired. Each beaconmodule 110 is linked in a database, such as a database of hub server206, with the room in which it is installed. In rooms having two or morebeds, beacon modules 110 may linked in the database with only a portionof the room (e.g., the portion having bed A or the portion having bed Bin a particular room).

One embodiment of a wall hub 1460 is shown in FIG. 25. Hub 1460 has ahousing 314 including a front wall 316, a pair of sidewalls 318, abottom wall 320, and a top wall 322. The back wall (not shown) of hub1460 has a 3-hole pattern for attaching hub 1460 to a wall, headwall oranother suitable mounting surface. In those embodiments in which thelocal data collection module 14 and display 60 are integrated togetherinto wall hub 1460, then the circuitry of module 14 is packaged withinhousing 314. In those embodiments in which the local data collectionmodule 14 is separate from display 60, such as when module 14 is coupledto hospital bed 40, then the circuitry of module 14 is omitted withinhousing 314. Front wall 316 has a large rectangular opening 324 throughwhich a touch screen 326 can be viewed and accessed. A WiFi antenna 328is mounted to one of sidewalls 318 as shown in FIG. 25. Antenna 328receives the 802.11 wireless signals from module 14 in those embodimentsin which module 14 is mounted to hospital bed 40. Antenna 328 is alsoused for bidirectional wireless communications with other wirelessaccess points 22 of Ethernet 24 according to the 802.11 protocol whenthe circuitry of module 14 is included within housing 314 to form wallhub 1460.

In the illustrative example, two 10/100 Ethernet ports 330 areaccessible on bottom wall 320 for wired coupling of hub 1460 to theEthernet 24 of the healthcare facility. Hub 1460 has a 120 Volts ACinput port 332 and a 15 VDC output port 334. In some embodiments, outputport 334 is a standard DC power co-axial jack, although port 334 mayhave other DC power connector configuration in other embodiments. Thus,hub 1460 has circuitry to convert 120 VAC received from a standard walloutlet into 15.5 VDC for powering up to two beacon modules 110. Also inthe illustrative example, touch screen 326 is a ten inch diagonal colorliquid crystal display (LCD) resistive touch screen that has resolutionof 800 by 600 Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA) pixels. Touch screens ofdifferent types and different sizes than those of the illustrativeexample are contemplated within the scope of this disclosure as well.

In some embodiments, hub 1460 has a controller with an onboardrechargeable Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery pack. The battery packallows hub 1460 to continue to operate through short power bumps, suchas those that are a few seconds in duration. If a longer power outageoccurs, the NiMH battery pack provides enough run time for the hub 1460to store backup data in memory and then shut down.

Referring now to FIGS. 26-28, an illustrative embodiment of BLM 31 iscoupled to a mounting bracket 340 which, in turn, is coupleable to thehospital bed 40. BLM 31 includes a housing 342 having a front wall 344,a pair of side walls 346, a top wall 348, a bottom wall 350, and a backwall 252 as shown in FIGS. 26-28. Bracket 340 has a pair of side walls354 and a back wall 356 that interconnects walls 354 as best shown inFIG. 12. Back wall 356 of bracket 230 has two holes 357 that providemounting locations to attach bracket 340 and BLM 31 to hospital bed 40with a suitable couplers such as bolts or screws. In some embodiments,bracket 31 has a peel and stick adhesive on the back of rear wall 356for attaching to the bed 40. Other fasteners, such as a clamp,hook-and-loop fasteners (e.g. VELCRO® fasteners), or straps, just toname a few, can be used to attach bracket 340 to hospital bed 40 ifdesired. Side walls 354 of bracket 340 each have a hole 358 about midwaybetween the top and the bottom of bracket 340. Side walls 356 of housing232 each have an aperture (not shown but similar to aperture 250 in eachsidewall 236 of MDA 30) therein. The apertures in side walls 346 alignwith holes 358 when BLM 31 is situated between walls 354 of bracket 340.

A pair of knobs 362 is provided to fasten BLM 31 in place relative tobracket 340 as shown in FIG. 26. Portions of knobs 362 are received inholes 358 and the apertures in sidewalls 346. When knobs 362 areloosened, BLM 31 is able to pivot relative to bracket 340 about an axisthat passes through holes 358. Thus, spacing is provided between backwall 352 of housing 342 and back wall 356 of bracket 340 to allow forthe pivoting of the BLM 31 relative to bracket 340. BLM 31 may bepivoted for example to have its ultrasound receiver aimed more in thedirection of beacon modules 110. Once BLM 31 is in its desiredorientation, knobs 362 are tightened to secure BLM 31 in place relativeto bracket 340. The apertures in sidewalls 346 are threaded in someembodiments to receive a threaded screw portion of knobs 362. In otherembodiments, threaded nuts are situated adjacent these apertures in theinterior region of housing 342 to receive the threaded screw portion ofknobs 362.

Front wall 344 has a slightly domed disc 364 which has slots 366 in acentral region thereof. The ultrasound receiver of BLM 31 is locatedbehind disc 364. A green status indicator LED (not shown) may beprovided in some embodiments to indicate the proper functioning of BLM31.

A recessed area 368 is accessible through a large opening 370 providedin bottom wall 350 of housing 342 as shown in FIG. 28. Accessible withinarea 368 are an RS-232 port 374, set of user inputs 376, and a powerport 378. Port 374 provides programming and configuration access to thecircuitry of the BLM 31. Thus, another computer device can be coupled toport 374 to configure and program the software of BLM 31. User inputs376 include a restore configuration button, a program button, and areset button. In some embodiments, a pivotable access panel is providedto close opening 370 to block access to area 368.

Port 374 is also is coupleable to local data collection module 14 via asuitable coupling cord so that the time difference based on the RF andultrasound signals received by the BLM 31 from the beacon module 110 canbe communicated from the BLM 31 to module 14. In some embodiments, BLM31 may include a wireless transceiver that is operable to transmit thetime difference wirelessly to module 14 on the bed and/or to module 1460on the wall or headwall or other support structure. Such a BLM 31 withwireless transmission capability may be used, for example, in a systemin which an MDA 30 is not used to transmit bed status data to module1460, but the distance of bed from beacon 110 is still desired to beknown.

BLM 31 is configured so as to be powered by a 15.5 Volt DC power supply.Accordingly, power port 378 is provided in recessed area 368 forcoupling to a 15.5 VDC power connector 382 at the end of a power cord380. In some embodiments, power cord 380 receives the 15.5 VDC powerfrom the local data collection module 14 on bed 40. Bottom wall 350 ofhousing 342 has a wire routing groove 384 which receives a portion ofpower cord 380 therein and a retention tab 386 that retains power cord380 within groove 384. In one embodiment, port 378 comprises a Tyco5-103673-1 connector and power connector 382 comprises a Tyco 5-103957-1connector. In some embodiments, bed hub 14 provides the 15.5 VDC powerto the BLM 31 via a suitable power cable. In embodiments in which bedhub 14 is omitted from the bed, such as embodiments using wall hub 1460,then the 15.5 VDC power is provided by the electrical system of the bed.When BLM 31 receives power from bed hub 14, the back-up battery of bedhub 14 also provides back-up battery for the BLM 31 when back-up batterypower is needed.

Referring now to FIG. 29, a computer on wheels (COW) 1014 is operable asa local data collection module and is wheeled from room-to-room tocollect data from MDA's 30 that are coupled to patient care devices 12in the room. In such an embodiment, a display 1060 of the COW 1014 mayprompt a caregiver to select which devices 12 in wireless communicationwith the COW 1014 within a particular room are to be associated with aparticular patient for which data is to be logged automatically. In someembodiments, after the COW 1014 receives the data from the MDA's 30 ofthe patient care devices 12 associated with a particular patient, theCOW 1014 transmits the data wirelessly to an EMR computer 72 via thehospital Ethernet 24. In other embodiments, the COW 1014 may simplystore the acquired data for the particular patient for transmission tothe EMR computer 72 at a later time.

By using the COW 1014, a caregiver can go from room-to-room and acquiredata for automatic logging into the medical records of the variouspatients in these rooms. In the illustrative example, a caregiver hastransported the COW 1014 into rooms 101, 103, and 104, as indicated bythe diagrammatic dashed path arrows in FIG. 29, and is getting ready toenter room 102 as indicated by the diagrammatic solid arrow in FIG. 29.In some embodiments, the data acquisition is done automatically by theCOW 1014 thereby reducing or eliminating the amount of manual dataacquisition and/or data entry that needs to be done by the caregiver.

In some embodiments, the caregiver may be required to perform someamount of data entry using a keyboard 1020 associated with the COW 1014,for example. The caregiver may be prompted, for example, to confirmwhich devices 12 listed on display 1060 of COW 1014 are associated witha particular patient in the room, to select the devices 12 from whichthe data is to be logged automatically by the COW 1014 (if data from alldevices 12 is not be logged), and to select the particular type of datafrom the devices 12 that is to be logged automatically by the COW 1014(if only a subset of data from a particular device 12 is to be logged).However, the more electronic data than can be acquired automatically bythe COW 1014 from the patient care devices 12 via the MDA's 30, the lesschance there is for human error.

Having a system in which a COW 1014 is used reduces the overall cost ofthe system because modules 14 and/or 1460 don't need to be placed ineach room. However, the trade off is that a caregiver needs to take thetime to move the COW 1014 from room to room to acquire the desired datafrom devices 12 via MDA's 30. Furthermore, because the data transferbetween COW 1014 is according to the 802.15.4 protocol, in someembodiments, the COW 1014 needs to be brought into the room by asufficient distance to permit the short range wireless communicationsbetween COW 1014 and MDA's to take place. In those embodiments, in whichMDA's 30 for each particular patient are operable to form their own meshnetwork, then the COW 1014 only needs to be brought within communicationrange of one of the MDA's 30 for each patient and the data from theother MDA's 30 is communicated to the COW 1014 via the mesh network andthe MDA 30 in communication with the COW 1014. Alternatively oradditionally, the COW 1014 and devices 12 can be grouped together inclose enough proximity for the COW 1014 to acquire data from all of thedevices 12 via the associated MDA's 30 for a particular patient.

It is contemplated by this disclosure that the COW 1014 may pull up aparticular patient's electronic medical record automatically uponentering a patient's room and establishing communications with MDA's 30for the particular patient or based on communications between the COW1014 (such as via a tracking tag attached thereto) and locating andtracking system 70. Alternatively, a caregiver can pull up a patient'selectronic medical record on COW 1014 manually. Once the patient'selectronic medical record is opened on COW 1014, then some or all of thedata received from devices 12 via MDA's 30 populate the patient'selectronic medical record in the corresponding fields and the caregivermay enter data into other fields of the patient's electronic medicalrecord. That is, this disclosure contemplates that there may be somepatient data that does not automatically get entered into the patient'selectronic medical record. Such data could, for example, be data on oneor more devices 12 that do not have an associated MDA 30 or such datacould be data, such as a patient's temperature or blood pressure, thatis not being monitored by any of devices 12 for a particular patient andthat the nurse obtains herself while visiting the patient.

Circuit schematics of one embodiment of electric circuit implementationsof local data collection module 14, MDA 30, beacon module 110, and BLM31 are provided in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/106,830which was filed Oct. 20, 2008 and which is hereby expressly incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety for all that it teaches, includingthe circuit schematics just mentioned which appear in FIGS. 30A-33D ofthe referenced provisional. U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/106,830 will become publicly available electronically (i.e.,published) on the Public PAIR database of the USPTO website upon thepublication of the present U.S. utility patent application. In oneembodiment, module 14 is Tridium, Inc. part number HT-BAH-BDH000; MDA 30is Tridium, Inc. part number HR-BAH-MDA000; beacon module 110 isTridium, Inc. part number HR-BAH-PBM000; BLM 31 is Tridium, Inc. partnumber HR-BAH-BLM000; and display 60 is Tridium, Inc. part numberHR-BAH-HDM000.

Based on the description herein, it can be appreciated that systems 10,200 provide centralized technology solutions that wirelessly capturesand integrates key patient data from devices 12, including patientmonitoring medical devices, and makes the data available to the EMR 72.This is accomplished in illustrative embodiments using MDA's 30 inconjunction with module 14 or wall hub 1460. The MDA's have RF andultrasound receivers which receive wireless RF and ultrasound signals,respectively, from a beacon module 110 to allow for association of theMDA's 30 and devices 12 to a particular bed 40 or patient associatedwith a bed 40. The beds 40 may have BLM's 31 having RF and ultrasoundreceivers similar to those of the MDA's for this same associationpurpose.

In a variant embodiment, module 14 and hub 1460 are omitted and MDA's 30are configured to communicate directly with Ethernet 24 via wirelessaccess points (WAP's) 22 using a WiFi card that is included in the MDA30 or separately attached to one of the ports of the MDA's 30, such asthe RS-232 ports 34 of the MDA's. The beacon modules 110 and BLM's 31may still be present in such a variant embodiment for performing theirassociation function. In still another variant embodiment, ultrawideband (UWB) triangulation techniques may be used in lieu of, or inaddition to, use of RF and ultrasound signals. In such a system usingUWB triangulation, the MDA's 30 and BLM's 31 are equipped with UWBreceivers or transceivers, and beacon modules 110 are equipped with UWBtransmitters or transceivers. To triangulate the UWB signals, each MDA30 and/or BLM 31 generally needs to receive a UWB signal from at leasttwo UWB beacon modules, the locations of which are known (i.e., storedin memory) of an association computer. The time of flight of the UWBsignals are used to achieve the triangulation calculations.

It is contemplated by this disclosure that MDA's 30 and BLM's 31 mayhave RF, ultrasound, and UWB receivers or transceivers and that the RFand ultrasound signals may be used for device-to-bed (or patient)association when devices 12 and bed 40 located within a particularpatient room and that the UWB signals are used for tracking the movementof the devices 12 and/or bed 40 when they are outside a patient roomsuch as when they are in transit from one location in the healthcarefacility to another. Further variants for associating beds 40, patients,and devices 12 of a system contemplated herein include having a radiofrequency identification (RFID) reader on the bed for reading (i.e.,receiving wireless signals from) an RFID wristband worn by a patient.The RFID reader on the bed may also receive signals from RFID tags orbadges worn by caregivers and such data may be provided to bed hub 14 orwall hub 1460, as the case may be. The identification of one or morecaregivers who are present in the patient's room when readings fromdevices 12 and/or bed 40 are transmitted to the EMR, or other remotesystem, by bed hub 14 or wall hub 1460 may also be stored in the recordsof the remote system.

According to this disclosure, the number of hours that devices 12 areused or are in service may be tracked by a remote computer based oninformation transmitted by MDA's 30, bed hub 14 and/or wall hub 1460. Insome contemplated embodiments, the remoter computer may be programmed tocompare such information to a maintenance or service schedule which isstored in that remote computer or accessed in a different databaseassociated with another computer. Service or maintenance calls can bescheduled by workflow system 76 if the comparison of the hours-in-usedata with the maintenance or service schedule indicates that suchmaintenance or service is needed for a particular device 12, MDA 30, bedhub 14, wall hub 1460, and so on. An example of a needed service,includes calibrating a device 12 after it has been used for somepredetermined amount of time.

It also contemplated by this disclosure that the data regarding thenumber of hours that devices 12 are used or are in service, which asstated above may be tracked by a remote computer based on informationtransmitted by MDA's 30, bed hub 14 and/or wall hub 1460, may also beused for more accurate patient billing. For example, a patient (or theirinsurance company) can be billed based on the number of hours or minutesof actual device usage to deliver treatment or therapy to the patient,rather than being billed on a daily basis or other time basis that isnot reflective of the precise amount time the device is actually usedfor patient treatment or therapy. The systems 10, 200 contemplatedherein are suitable to accomplish this time usage tracking functionautomatically, which function would be nearly impossible for caregiversto suitably accomplish manually.

Also according to this disclosure, it is contemplated that informationobtained by MDA's, bed hub 14, and/or wall hub 1460 may be useful forfacilitating product recalls that may be initiated by a devicemanufacturer or by a regulatory body, such as the Food and DrugAdministration (FDA). Such recalls may sometimes be limited to devices12 having a particular firmware version or particular manufacturingseries or having some other unique identification characteristic thatdoes not necessarily apply to all of the similar types of devices 12 inuse in the healthcare facility from a particular manufacturer. Largehospitals sometimes have thousands of pieces equipment of the samegeneral type but having different firmware versions, manufacturingseries, manufacturing lot numbers, and so forth. Thus, according to thisdisclosure, systems 10, 200 are operable to generate reports, such as byusing a remote computer of any of systems 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80 topinpoint the precise locations in the healthcare facility of theparticular individual devices 12 that are subject to a recall. In someembodiments of such a system capable of generating such recall reports,the particular device identification data needed to create such reportsmay be stored in bed hub 14 and/or wall hub 1460 and or hub server 206.

In some embodiments, hubs 14, 1460 have the following features orcapabilities: PowerPC 440Epx 667 MHz processor; Integral PCI graphicscontroller, for LCE touch screen support; 1 GB NAND Flash storage,on-board (non-upgradeable); Base 512 MB DDR-2 333 Mhz RAM, fieldupgradeable to 1 GB (industrial-grade, sourced from Tridium in someembodiments); two (2) Gigabit Ethernet ports; two (2) USB-2.0 ports; astandard RS-232 port; isolated RS-485/power port (usable as a standardnon-powered isolated RS-485 port, or with expansion modules); MiniPCIoption slot (for WiFi 802.11g support); and two (2) JACE® comm optionslots, for LonWorks®, RS-485 or RS-232, GPRS/Edge Cellular, IPv6/ZigbeePro 802.15.4 wireless, etc. Further, in some embodiments, hubs 14, 1460are off the shelf products available from Tridium, Inc. and loaded withQNX OS and Niagara Framework software, also available from Tridium. Whenhub 14 is mounted to, or included in the circuitry of bed 40, hub 14receives 120 VAC line voltage from the bed which, in turn, receives itspower from a standard wall outlet. Hub 14 has circuitry to convert the120 VAC line voltage to one or more DC voltages for use.

In one embodiment, hubs 14, 1460 are loaded with Cerner ConnectivityModule (CMM) software which is available from Cerner Corporation ofKansas City, Mo., which entity is a supplier of EMR systems tohospitals. Thus, it is contemplated by this disclosure that EMR system72 may be provided to healthcare facility by Cerner and hubs 14, 1460are configured so as to be compatible with Cerner's EMR system. TheCerner CMM software includes over one hundred (100) device drivershaving protocols to obtain and communicate device data.

As alluded to above, hub server 206 acts a communication intermediarybetween hubs 14, 1460 and other systems, such as ADT and/or EMR systems72, 74. More particularly, in some embodiments, server 206 handles usageand location data for all the MDA's 30 and hubs 14, 1460, communicateswith the ADT and/or EMR systems 72, 74 to associate patients with rooms,and handles administrative tasks, such as security. Server 206 collectsall data from hubs 14, 1460 and pushes that data to an interfacegateway. The software for day-to-day operation of hubs 14, 1460 isincluded on server 206 (i.e., stored in a database of server 206 orassociated with server 206), with the exception of the BioMedConfiguration Station Software, which is loaded onto a separate BioMedConfiguration Station. It should be appreciated that the hub server 206may not be dedicated to only serving hubs 14, 1460, but may also serveother devices connected to Ethernet 24. Furthermore, it is contemplatedby this disclosure that, in some embodiments, hub server 206 is loadedwith Rhapsody software which is available from Orion Health of Auckland,New Zealand and which performs protocol conversion of messages from onetype to another and, in the contemplated embodiments, permitscommunication between hub server 206 and ADT system 74.

It is contemplated by this disclosure that, in some embodiments, theBioMed Station provides a front-end for BioMed engineers, or othermedical staff, to configure and test the MDA's 30; to assign MDA's 30 toparticular medical devices 12; to assign beacon modules 110 toparticular rooms; to assign displays 60 to particular rooms; and toassign BLM's 31 to particular beds. Any standard personal computer (PC)operating on a Microsoft Windows® platform and a 40 Gigabyte hard drivemay be used as the BioMed Station, including laptops that allow theBioMed engineer, or other medical staff, to configure and/or assignMDA's 30, BLM's 31, displays 60 (including displays of wall hub 1460),and beacon modules 110 in a mobile environment (e.g., walking around ahealthcare facility and performing the configuration and/or assignmenttasks at various locations throughout the facility). In connection withconfiguring and assigning functions of the BioMed Station, this may bedone using component identification data, such as, for example, serialnumber, Internet Protocol (IP) address, room number and/or bed number,just to name a few.

The interface gateway may comprise a Cerner MDBus® gateway or a gatewayof some other party. The interface gateway collects valid data and mapsthe data to a patient's medical record. With some non-Cerner EMR systems72, server 206 may route the data directly to the EMR system 72 withoutthe use of an interface gateway. In some embodiments, a standardpersonal computer (PC) with a Microsoft Windows® platform and a 40Gigabyte hard drive is used as hub server 206.

As mentioned above, bed hub 14 and wall hub 1460 have device driversoftware stored thereon or that that is obtainable from a device driverlibrary stored in a database associated with hub server 206. The devicedriver software allows information from different medical deviceprotocols to be accepted by hubs 14, 1460. In some embodiments, aBroadcom BCM94306 Wireless LAN Mini-PC Adapter Card is used to provideWiFi or Ethernet wireless communications between MDA's 30 and bed hub 14or wall hub 1460. In systems 10, 200 described herein, bed hubs 14 and1460 are capable of receiving wireless data from MDA's 30 for at leastten (10) medical devices that are associated with a correspondingpatient.

In some embodiments, systems 10, 200 are compatible with (i.e.,configured for communication with) the following list of devices 12:Sigma Spectrum infusion devices; Datascope Passport Monitoring devices;Datascope Passport 2 Monitoring devices; GE Eagle 4000 Monitoringdevices; GE Dash 4000, 5000, 6000 Monitoring devices; Philips MP50Monitoring devices; Edward Life Science Vigilance I Monitoring devices;Edward Life Science Vigileo Monitoring devices; Nellcor N600 PulseOximeter devices; Respironics Esprit Ventilator devices; Sensormedics3100A Ventilator devices; Maquet servo i Ventilator devices; PuritanBennett 840 Ventilator devices; Puritan Bennett 7200 Ventilator devices;Welch Allyn VSM 5300 Vital Signs Monitoring devices; and Hill-RomTotalCare hospital beds. The foregoing list is not intended to be anexhaustive list of particular devices that may comprise devices 12 ofsystem 10, 200 according to this disclosure. This list is provided toshow the wide variety of types of the devices and manufacturers thatsystems 10, 200 may include and with which MDA's 30 and hubs 14, 1460are able to communicate.

In some embodiments, bed 40 communicates bed data to bed hub 14 via anEchelon network (e.g., LON) and in other embodiments, bed 40communicates bed data to bed hub 14 via a Controller Area Network (CAN).Thus, a CAN card is provided in hub 14 in those embodiments having CANcommunications between bed 40 and hub 14. In still other embodiments,hub 14 may be mounted on bed 40 and not receive any bed data at all,such that bed 40 simply provides a structure on which hub 14 is mounted.

Although certain illustrative embodiments have been described in detailabove, variations and modifications exist within the scope and spirit ofthis disclosure as described and as defined in the following claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method of associating at least onepatient care device in a room of a healthcare facility with a firstpatient in the room which also has a second patient in the room, themethod comprising coupling an input port of a medical device adapter toan output port of the patient care device, the medical device adapterusing a low power protocol to wirelessly transmit patient data receivedfrom the patient care device, the medical device adapter being batterypowered by an onboard battery, the medical device adapter enhancingbattery life by using power from the patient care device if power isavailable via the output port of the patient care device, receiving atan association computer wireless location data transmitted wirelesslyfrom the patient care device via the medical device adapter and receivedby first and second wireless receivers located in the room andpositioned near first and second hospital beds assigned to the first andsecond patients, respectively, the association computer being operableto determine that the patient care device should be associated with thefirst patient and not with the second patient based upon associationrules programming executed by the association computer including rulesregarding resolving ambiguities concerning whether the patient caredevice is to be associated with the first patient or the second patientbased on proximity of the patient care device to the first wirelessreceiver and to the second wireless receiver, prompting a caregiver witha graphical display in the room to provide an input on the graphicaldisplay to confirm the association of the patient care device to thefirst patient, and receiving the input on the graphical display from thecaregiver to confirm the association of the patient care device to thefirst patient, wherein the patient care device comprises one or more ofthe following: life support equipment, a ventilator, vital signsmonitoring equipment, an electrocardiograph (EKG), anelectroencephalograph (EEG), a heart rate monitor, a blood pressuremonitor, a blood oxygen saturation monitor, an intravenous (IV) pump, adrug infusion pump, an insulin pump, or a passive motion device.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the graphical display comprises part of theassociation computer.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphicaldisplay is coupled to a hospital bed and the association computer isremote from the hospital bed.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein thegraphical display is coupled to a room wall and the association computeris remote from the room wall.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein thegraphical display is coupled to a headwall that is coupled to a roomwall and the association computer is remote from the headwall.
 6. Themethod of claim 1, wherein transmitting wireless location data from thepatient care device comprises transmitting wireless location data fromat least one location tag coupled to the patient care device.
 7. Themethod of claim 1, wherein transmitting wireless location data from thepatient care device comprises transmitting wireless location data from adata communication module attached to the patient care device.
 8. Themethod of claim 7, further comprising transmitting device data receivedby the data communication module from the patient care device to a datacollection computer.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein transmittingwireless location data from the patient care device to an associationcomputer comprises transmitting wireless location data via an Ethernetof a healthcare facility.
 10. The method of claim 1, further comprisingdetermining a time of flight of the wireless location data from thepatient care device to the wireless receiver located in the room. 11.The method of claim 10, wherein the association rules programming of theassociation computer uses the time of flight in determining that thepatient care device should be associated with the first patient.
 12. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising receiving at the associationcomputer a disassociate message after the association has beenconfirmed, the disassociate message resulting in the associationcomputer disassociating the patient care device from the first patient.13. The method of claim 12, wherein the disassociate message istransmitted in response to a disassociate input being selected by acaregiver.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the disassociate input isselected by the caregiver by pressing a button on a data communicationmodule attached to the patient care device.
 15. The method of claim 1,further comprising displaying the first patient's name and a name of thepatient care device on the graphical display.
 16. The method of claim15, wherein the first patient's name appears on the graphical display ina format that maintains confidentiality of an identity of the firstpatient.
 17. The method of claim 15, wherein a status indicia appears onthe graphical display screen to indicate that data is currently beingreceived from the patient care device by a local computer in the room.18. The method of claim 17, further comprising transmitting the datafrom the local computer to a computer of an Electronic Medical Records(EMR) system.
 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising displayinga message on the graphical display in response to communication betweenthe patient care device and the local computer being lost.
 20. Themethod of claim 15, wherein a status indicia appears on the graphicaldisplay screen to indicate that an alarm condition is sensed by thepatient care device.